Becker, Carl. "Money Talks, Money Kills? The Economics of Transplantation in Japan and China." Bioethics 13.3 (1999). EBSCO. Oklahoma State Library. Article 02699702. 7 Oct. 2003 http://web4.epnet.com. Becker's article is about doctors in Japan and in China continuing transplants from brain-dead patients. Becker explains that the live donors could receive up to $10,000 per kidney and in China up to $5,000. Becker expresses in the article that live donors are becoming common which increases the supply of organs. In most countries there is a shortage of organ donation will require for more donations and a way to solve this will be to pay donors. This article provides an unbiased view of paid organ donors. It states both the negative side of paying organ donors as well as the positive aspects, which include saved lives and income for the poor. This is an article that would be researched by a more scholarly reader because this article goes more in depth with medical material.

Cohen, Eric. "Organs for Sale." Public Interest 151 (2003). Proquest. Oklahoma State Library. Article 327162711. 5 Oct.2003 . Cohen talks about organ transplants saving the lives of people who would not have been saved if the transplant did not take place. A point Cohen expresses in the article is that there is a shortage of organs. The shortage of organs will cause more people to die because the waiting list for organs will grow larger and larger. He feels that to improve social welfare in our society, families should be paid a set price for their loved ones' organs who have passed away. This article is a useful source because it explains how higher the organ rate could be established. This is reliable source because it is a review of well- researched book and the author is a resident scholar at Ethics and Public Policy Center. The information in this article is for a less scholarly reader because it does not go into a lot of detail but states good information.

Cohen, Lawrence. "Where It Hurts: Indian Material for an Ethics of Organ Transplantation." Daedalus. 128.4 (1999). Proquest. Oklahoma State Library. Article 47720930. 22 Sept. 2003 http://proquest.umi.com. Cohen's article is about poor people selling their kidneys in order to survive. He explains that poor people sell their organs because they have nothing else of value. Cohen explains that people would sell their kidney for $32,500 rupees, which is about $1,200 at the time of sale. The people who buy these organs from the poor take advantage of their ignorance, desperation and offer compensation, which is relatively low compared to their risk. Cohen feels that the poor would get the lower portions and they will be offered fewer opportunities because they have no other choice considering their need to survive. This article is useful because it lists one reason why people sell their organs. This article is a reliable source because the author is an Associated Professor of Anthropology at University of California, Berkeley. This article would be easy to understand for a less scholarly reader.

Muggeridge, Malcolm, and Bruno Leone, and David L. Bender. "Organ Transplant are Destroying Human Values." Biomedical Ethics St. Paul, MN: Greenhaven press Inc, 1987. Muggeridge asserts the kidney need should not be sold for a large sum of money because some people may desperately need it to survive. He makes this point to express how he feels about large fees being charged for something that could save a person's life. Muggeridge states that money should not be given for organs, but people should be willing to offer their organs in order to save a life. He feels that life itself is better than any amount of money. This was a source that had easily understandable information that beginners would find useful because it explains why money should not be a factor when donating organs. Muggeridge's reading helped shape the argument that saving a life is more important than receiving money for organs.

Niven, Larry. "Regulating the Body Business." Scientific American Mar. 1996. Science and the Citizen: Retrieved Oklahoma State Library Microfiche. 8 Oct. 2003. Niven talks about physicians stealing organs from patients without consent. A point Niven makes in the article is that most people believe organ-theft to be an urban legend. In India, people could buy new kidneys from doctors who paid a living donor less than $1,000. He feels that the shortage of organs would decrease if this process was continued throughout other countries serving as a spare-parts health service. This is a source that relates to living donors being paid for their organs. This article is a helpful source considering that this can be easily reviewed because of pictures and factual numbers provided to explain how often organ theft takes place. This is a reliable source since it is viewed from a scientist who writes for Scientific America corporation.

Richards, J. Radcliffe. "An Ethical Market in Human Organs." Journal of Medical Ethics. 29.3 (2003). Ebsco. Oklahoma State Library. Article 03066800. 5 Oct. 2003 http://web6.epnet.com. In this article Richards states some pros and cons on organ selling and whether the practice should be legal or not. He asserts that many people will oppose legalization of organ sales. This is an article that explains why people would not want to make organ selling legal. This source is useful because it provides an educated opinion about the sales of organs from living donors. This is not a biased article because it states the bad, but states the good on why people consider organ selling to be legal. This article is helpful because it is easy to understand for a beginner reader. This is a reliable source because this article was written by someone from the Centre of Bioethics an Philosophy of Medicine in the Department of Medicine at University College London. The information provided in this article did state some interesting things on why this should be illegal and why people should not get paid, but the information did not change the thought of people being paid for their organs.

Robeznhieks, Andis. "Putting a Price on Living Organ Donations." American Medical News 46.22 (2003). Proquest. Oklahoma State Library. Article 355663861. 22 Sept. 2003 http://proquest.umi.com. Robeznhieks's article is about people making a profit by selling their organs. By paying the living organ donors the government will end black-market deals. Robeznhieks feels that private insurers or the government should pay living donors $15,000 for a kidney and $32,000 for a piece of liver because of the high risk of complications to the living donor. He also feels that this process will end the black-market while lowering waiting times and deaths. This is a helpful source to because it offered an interesting argument about whether living donors should be paid or not. This information is reliable because it appears in a publication in the American Medical Association. This is a useful source because it would be easy to understand for a less scholarly reader.

Siegal-Itzkovich, Judy. "Israel Investigates Organ Sales." British Medical Journal 313.7066 (1996). Proquest. Oklahoma State Library. Article 10420489. 22 Sept. 2003 http://proquest.umi.com . This article is about a surgeon in Israel transplanting kidneys from live donors to non-related recipients. This issue is controversial because people could claim that they are related, but really when they are not to receive the transplant if under the table a fee is provided. Siegal- Itzkovich states in the article that a government committee found this type of transfer of organs to be a violation of the law. Siegal-Itzkovich feels that the poor people who need a donor will likely die because the long list of names on the donor's list. In the article she also states that the poor would suffer and the organs that are available are sold to wealthy people first. This source is useful because it serves as an example of abuse that could occur in the organ trade. This is a reliable source because the author is a medical correspondent for the Jerusalem Post. This is an article that would be easily understood by a less scholarly reader because of the examples given in the article.

Spital, Aaron. "Conscription of Cadaveric Organs for Transplantion: Neglected Again." Kennedy Institute of Ethics Journal 13.2 (2003). Proquest. Oklahoma State Library. Article 383010491. 6 Oct. 2003 http://proquest.umi.com. Spital's article is about a shortage of organs in our society and a new approach to solve this problem. Spital explains in the article that the reason certain places supply for organs are low is because of the high risk of the transplant. He feels that if organ donors were to get paid a certain amount of money then people may find donating organs negotiable. A point Spital makes is that this process will create a major organ supply recovery. This is a reliable source because this source is a overview of an author who is a Associate Professor of Medicine at the University of Rochester School of Medicine. This is a useful source that can be easily understood by a beginner because the author states his opinion and expresses new ideas that could save the problem.

Vaux, Kenneth, and Nancy S. Jecker, and Albert R. Jonsen. "The Heart Transsplant: Ethical Dimensions." Bioethics Sudbury, MA: Jones and Bartlett Publishers, 1997. The argument that Vaux confirms is whether the transplant technique be available only to people who have money or connections. A point that he makes is that a social-ethical issue will form because the rich will be chosen over the poor people. Vaux states that heart transplants have the smallest lists and are certain to be the most severe. The heart transplant is severe because during the process someone has to die. He also states that money will not be provided for the family who lost the loved one because in most cases the donor is on the verge of passing away. Vaux feels that some type of wealth should be provided to the family of the donor, since the transplant is to save another persons life. This is a source that is written for a more scholarly reader based on all the medical terms used.

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